Make a Minecraft Game in Python With Source Code
Last updated April 24, 2023 by Jarvis Silva
Want to make Minecraft in python then you are at the right place today in this python tutorial. I will show you how to make a minecraft game in python with source code. It will be fun and interesting so read till the end.
Minecraft is one of the most popular video game and loved by many gamers. It is a 3D game made of blocks where players can interact and modify the environment. It also has story mode and it is an adventure game.
In this tutorial we will create a similar clone of minecraft using python where players can interact with blocks. Making minecraft in python for beginners can be difficult but you don’t have to worry about anything because I will provide you with the python minecraft code you just have to copy and paste.
Making Minecraft Game In Python With Code
If you are not a game developer and do not have much experience with python just follow me carefully till the end. I will show you a step by step tutorial and you will have a python minecraft game running on your computer.
Before we proceed you need to have python installed and setuped on your computer and also a code editor if you don’t have python installed follow this guide: Install and setup python.
1. Create a new project folder
So the first step you need to do is create a new folder on your computer for this minecraft game and open the folder in a python code editor of your choice.
I use vs code as my editor. You can use pycharm or any editor where you can write and edit python code.
2. Install pyglet library
We will use a python library called pyglet to create this minecraft game in python. It is a cross platform game development library for python like pygame.
So we need to install this library to install an open terminal or command prompt at the project location and paste the below command.
pip install pyglet
The above command will install the pyglet library in your project now you can use this library in your project
3. Copy and paste Minecraft code
from __future__ import division
import sys
import math
import random
import time
from collections import deque
from pyglet import image
from pyglet.gl import *
from pyglet.graphics import TextureGroup
from pyglet.window import key, mouse
from noise_gen import NoiseGen
TICKS_PER_SEC = 60
# Size of sectors used to ease block loading.
SECTOR_SIZE = 16
# Movement variables
WALKING_SPEED = 5
FLYING_SPEED = 15
CROUCH_SPEED = 2
SPRINT_SPEED = 7
SPRINT_FOV = SPRINT_SPEED / 2
GRAVITY = 20.0
MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT = 1.0 # About the height of a block.
# To derive the formula for calculating jump speed, first solve
# v_t = v_0 + a * t
# for the time at which you achieve maximum height, where a is the acceleration
# due to gravity and v_t = 0. This gives:
# t = - v_0 / a
# Use t and the desired MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT to solve for v_0 (jump speed) in
# s = s_0 + v_0 * t + (a * t^2) / 2
JUMP_SPEED = math.sqrt(2 * GRAVITY * MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT)
TERMINAL_VELOCITY = 50
# Player variables
PLAYER_HEIGHT = 2
PLAYER_FOV = 80.0
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
xrange = range
def cube_vertices(x, y, z, n):
""" Return the vertices of the cube at position x, y, z with size 2*n.
"""
return [
x-n,y+n,z-n, x-n,y+n,z+n, x+n,y+n,z+n, x+n,y+n,z-n, # top
x-n,y-n,z-n, x+n,y-n,z-n, x+n,y-n,z+n, x-n,y-n,z+n, # bottom
x-n,y-n,z-n, x-n,y-n,z+n, x-n,y+n,z+n, x-n,y+n,z-n, # left
x+n,y-n,z+n, x+n,y-n,z-n, x+n,y+n,z-n, x+n,y+n,z+n, # right
x-n,y-n,z+n, x+n,y-n,z+n, x+n,y+n,z+n, x-n,y+n,z+n, # front
x+n,y-n,z-n, x-n,y-n,z-n, x-n,y+n,z-n, x+n,y+n,z-n, # back
]
def tex_coord(x, y, n=4):
""" Return the bounding vertices of the texture square.
"""
m = 1.0 / n
dx = x * m
dy = y * m
return dx, dy, dx + m, dy, dx + m, dy + m, dx, dy + m
def tex_coords(top, bottom, side):
""" Return a list of the texture squares for the top, bottom and side.
"""
top = tex_coord(*top)
bottom = tex_coord(*bottom)
side = tex_coord(*side)
result = []
result.extend(top)
result.extend(bottom)
result.extend(side * 4)
return result
TEXTURE_PATH = 'texture.png'
GRASS = tex_coords((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0))
SAND = tex_coords((1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1))
BRICK = tex_coords((2, 0), (2, 0), (2, 0))
STONE = tex_coords((2, 1), (2, 1), (2, 1))
WOOD = tex_coords((3, 1), (3, 1), (3, 1))
LEAF = tex_coords((3, 0), (3, 0), (3, 0))
WATER = tex_coords((0, 2), (0, 2), (0, 2))
FACES = [
( 0, 1, 0),
( 0,-1, 0),
(-1, 0, 0),
( 1, 0, 0),
( 0, 0, 1),
( 0, 0,-1),
]
def normalize(position):
""" Accepts `position` of arbitrary precision and returns the block
containing that position.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
Returns
-------
block_position : tuple of ints of len 3
"""
x, y, z = position
x, y, z = (int(round(x)), int(round(y)), int(round(z)))
return (x, y, z)
def sectorize(position):
""" Returns a tuple representing the sector for the given `position`.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
Returns
-------
sector : tuple of len 3
"""
x, y, z = normalize(position)
x, y, z = x // SECTOR_SIZE, y // SECTOR_SIZE, z // SECTOR_SIZE
return (x, 0, z)
class Model(object):
def __init__(self):
# A Batch is a collection of vertex lists for batched rendering.
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
# A TextureGroup manages an OpenGL texture.
self.group = TextureGroup(image.load(TEXTURE_PATH).get_texture())
# A mapping from position to the texture of the block at that position.
# This defines all the blocks that are currently in the world.
self.world = {}
# Same mapping as `world` but only contains blocks that are shown.
self.shown = {}
# Mapping from position to a pyglet `VertextList` for all shown blocks.
self._shown = {}
# Mapping from sector to a list of positions inside that sector.
self.sectors = {}
# Simple function queue implementation. The queue is populated with
# _show_block() and _hide_block() calls
self.queue = deque()
self._initialize()
def _initialize(self):
""" Initialize the world by placing all the blocks.
"""
gen = NoiseGen(452692)
n = 128 #size of the world
s = 1 # step size
y = 0 # initial y height
#too lazy to do this properly lol
heightMap = []
for x in xrange(0, n, s):
for z in xrange(0, n, s):
heightMap.append(0)
for x in xrange(0, n, s):
for z in xrange(0, n, s):
heightMap[z + x * n] = int(gen.getHeight(x, z))
#Generate the world
for x in xrange(0, n, s):
for z in xrange(0, n, s):
h = heightMap[z + x * n]
if (h < 15):
self.add_block((x, h, z), SAND, immediate=False)
for y in range (h, 15):
self.add_block((x, y, z), WATER, immediate=False)
continue
if (h < 18):
self.add_block((x, h, z), SAND, immediate=False)
self.add_block((x, h, z), GRASS, immediate=False)
for y in xrange(h - 1, 0, -1):
self.add_block((x, y, z), STONE, immediate=False)
#Maybe add tree at this (x, z)
if (h > 20):
if random.randrange(0, 1000) > 990:
treeHeight = random.randrange(5, 7)
#Tree trunk
for y in xrange(h + 1, h + treeHeight):
self.add_block((x, y, z), WOOD, immediate=False)
#Tree leaves
leafh = h + treeHeight
for lz in xrange(z + -2, z + 3):
for lx in xrange(x + -2, x + 3):
for ly in xrange(3):
self.add_block((lx, leafh + ly, lz), LEAF, immediate=False)
def hit_test(self, position, vector, max_distance=8):
""" Line of sight search from current position. If a block is
intersected it is returned, along with the block previously in the line
of sight. If no block is found, return None, None.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
The (x, y, z) position to check visibility from.
vector : tuple of len 3
The line of sight vector.
max_distance : int
How many blocks away to search for a hit.
"""
m = 8
x, y, z = position
dx, dy, dz = vector
previous = None
for _ in xrange(max_distance * m):
key = normalize((x, y, z))
if key != previous and key in self.world:
return key, previous
previous = key
x, y, z = x + dx / m, y + dy / m, z + dz / m
return None, None
def exposed(self, position):
""" Returns False is given `position` is surrounded on all 6 sides by
blocks, True otherwise.
"""
x, y, z = position
for dx, dy, dz in FACES:
if (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz) not in self.world:
return True
return False
def add_block(self, position, texture, immediate=True):
""" Add a block with the given `texture` and `position` to the world.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
The (x, y, z) position of the block to add.
texture : list of len 3
The coordinates of the texture squares. Use `tex_coords()` to
generate.
immediate : bool
Whether or not to draw the block immediately.
"""
if position in self.world:
self.remove_block(position, immediate)
self.world[position] = texture
self.sectors.setdefault(sectorize(position), []).append(position)
if immediate:
if self.exposed(position):
self.show_block(position)
self.check_neighbors(position)
def remove_block(self, position, immediate=True):
""" Remove the block at the given `position`.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
The (x, y, z) position of the block to remove.
immediate : bool
Whether or not to immediately remove block from canvas.
"""
del self.world[position]
self.sectors[sectorize(position)].remove(position)
if immediate:
if position in self.shown:
self.hide_block(position)
self.check_neighbors(position)
def check_neighbors(self, position):
""" Check all blocks surrounding `position` and ensure their visual
state is current. This means hiding blocks that are not exposed and
ensuring that all exposed blocks are shown. Usually used after a block
is added or removed.
"""
x, y, z = position
for dx, dy, dz in FACES:
key = (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz)
if key not in self.world:
continue
if self.exposed(key):
if key not in self.shown:
self.show_block(key)
else:
if key in self.shown:
self.hide_block(key)
def show_block(self, position, immediate=True):
""" Show the block at the given `position`. This method assumes the
block has already been added with add_block()
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
The (x, y, z) position of the block to show.
immediate : bool
Whether or not to show the block immediately.
"""
texture = self.world[position]
self.shown[position] = texture
if immediate:
self._show_block(position, texture)
else:
self._enqueue(self._show_block, position, texture)
def _show_block(self, position, texture):
""" Private implementation of the `show_block()` method.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
The (x, y, z) position of the block to show.
texture : list of len 3
The coordinates of the texture squares. Use `tex_coords()` to
generate.
"""
x, y, z = position
vertex_data = cube_vertices(x, y, z, 0.5)
texture_data = list(texture)
# create vertex list
# FIXME Maybe `add_indexed()` should be used instead
self._shown[position] = self.batch.add(24, GL_QUADS, self.group,
('v3f/static', vertex_data),
('t2f/static', texture_data))
def hide_block(self, position, immediate=True):
""" Hide the block at the given `position`. Hiding does not remove the
block from the world.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
The (x, y, z) position of the block to hide.
immediate : bool
Whether or not to immediately remove the block from the canvas.
"""
self.shown.pop(position)
if immediate:
self._hide_block(position)
else:
self._enqueue(self._hide_block, position)
def _hide_block(self, position):
""" Private implementation of the 'hide_block()` method.
"""
self._shown.pop(position).delete()
def show_sector(self, sector):
""" Ensure all blocks in the given sector that should be shown are
drawn to the canvas.
"""
for position in self.sectors.get(sector, []):
if position not in self.shown and self.exposed(position):
self.show_block(position, False)
def hide_sector(self, sector):
""" Ensure all blocks in the given sector that should be hidden are
removed from the canvas.
"""
for position in self.sectors.get(sector, []):
if position in self.shown:
self.hide_block(position, False)
def change_sectors(self, before, after):
""" Move from sector `before` to sector `after`. A sector is a
contiguous x, y sub-region of world. Sectors are used to speed up
world rendering.
"""
before_set = set()
after_set = set()
pad = 4
for dx in xrange(-pad, pad + 1):
for dy in [0]: # xrange(-pad, pad + 1):
for dz in xrange(-pad, pad + 1):
if dx ** 2 + dy ** 2 + dz ** 2 > (pad + 1) ** 2:
continue
if before:
x, y, z = before
before_set.add((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz))
if after:
x, y, z = after
after_set.add((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz))
show = after_set - before_set
hide = before_set - after_set
for sector in show:
self.show_sector(sector)
for sector in hide:
self.hide_sector(sector)
def _enqueue(self, func, *args):
""" Add `func` to the internal queue.
"""
self.queue.append((func, args))
def _dequeue(self):
""" Pop the top function from the internal queue and call it.
"""
func, args = self.queue.popleft()
func(*args)
def process_queue(self):
""" Process the entire queue while taking periodic breaks. This allows
the game loop to run smoothly. The queue contains calls to
_show_block() and _hide_block() so this method should be called if
add_block() or remove_block() was called with immediate=False
"""
start = time.process_time()
while self.queue and time.process_time() - start < 1.0 / TICKS_PER_SEC:
self._dequeue()
def process_entire_queue(self):
""" Process the entire queue with no breaks.
"""
while self.queue:
self._dequeue()
class Window(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Window, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# Whether or not the window exclusively captures the mouse.
self.exclusive = False
# When flying gravity has no effect and speed is increased.
self.flying = False
# Used for constant jumping. If the space bar is held down,
# this is true, otherwise, it's false
self.jumping = False
# If the player actually jumped, this is true
self.jumped = False
# If this is true, a crouch offset is added to the final glTranslate
self.crouch = False
# Player sprint
self.sprinting = False
# This is an offset value so stuff like speed potions can also be easily added
self.fov_offset = 0
self.collision_types = {"top": False, "bottom": False, "right": False, "left": False}
# Strafing is moving lateral to the direction you are facing,
# e.g. moving to the left or right while continuing to face forward.
#
# First element is -1 when moving forward, 1 when moving back, and 0
# otherwise. The second element is -1 when moving left, 1 when moving
# right, and 0 otherwise.
self.strafe = [0, 0]
# Current (x, y, z) position in the world, specified with floats. Note
# that, perhaps unlike in math class, the y-axis is the vertical axis.
self.position = (30, 50, 80)
# First element is rotation of the player in the x-z plane (ground
# plane) measured from the z-axis down. The second is the rotation
# angle from the ground plane up. Rotation is in degrees.
#
# The vertical plane rotation ranges from -90 (looking straight down) to
# 90 (looking straight up). The horizontal rotation range is unbounded.
self.rotation = (0, 0)
# Which sector the player is currently in.
self.sector = None
# The crosshairs at the center of the screen.
self.reticle = None
# Velocity in the y (upward) direction.
self.dy = 0
# A list of blocks the player can place. Hit num keys to cycle.
self.inventory = [BRICK, GRASS, SAND, WOOD, LEAF]
# The current block the user can place. Hit num keys to cycle.
self.block = self.inventory[0]
# Convenience list of num keys.
self.num_keys = [
key._1, key._2, key._3, key._4, key._5,
key._6, key._7, key._8, key._9, key._0]
# Instance of the model that handles the world.
self.model = Model()
# The label that is displayed in the top left of the canvas.
self.label = pyglet.text.Label('', font_name='Arial', font_size=18,
x=10, y=self.height - 10, anchor_x='left', anchor_y='top',
color=(0, 0, 0, 255))
# This call schedules the `update()` method to be called
# TICKS_PER_SEC. This is the main game event loop.
pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 1.0 / TICKS_PER_SEC)
def set_exclusive_mouse(self, exclusive):
""" If `exclusive` is True, the game will capture the mouse, if False
the game will ignore the mouse.
"""
super(Window, self).set_exclusive_mouse(exclusive)
self.exclusive = exclusive
def get_sight_vector(self):
""" Returns the current line of sight vector indicating the direction
the player is looking.
"""
x, y = self.rotation
# y ranges from -90 to 90, or -pi/2 to pi/2, so m ranges from 0 to 1 and
# is 1 when looking ahead parallel to the ground and 0 when looking
# straight up or down.
m = math.cos(math.radians(y))
# dy ranges from -1 to 1 and is -1 when looking straight down and 1 when
# looking straight up.
dy = math.sin(math.radians(y))
dx = math.cos(math.radians(x - 90)) * m
dz = math.sin(math.radians(x - 90)) * m
return (dx, dy, dz)
def get_motion_vector(self):
""" Returns the current motion vector indicating the velocity of the
player.
Returns
-------
vector : tuple of len 3
Tuple containing the velocity in x, y, and z respectively.
"""
if any(self.strafe):
x, y = self.rotation
strafe = math.degrees(math.atan2(*self.strafe))
y_angle = math.radians(y)
x_angle = math.radians(x + strafe)
if self.flying:
m = math.cos(y_angle)
dy = math.sin(y_angle)
if self.strafe[1]:
# Moving left or right.
dy = 0.0
m = 1
if self.strafe[0] > 0:
# Moving backwards.
dy *= -1
# When you are flying up or down, you have less left and right
# motion.
dx = math.cos(x_angle) * m
dz = math.sin(x_angle) * m
else:
dy = 0.0
dx = math.cos(x_angle)
dz = math.sin(x_angle)
else:
dy = 0.0
dx = 0.0
dz = 0.0
return (dx, dy, dz)
def update(self, dt):
""" This method is scheduled to be called repeatedly by the pyglet
clock.
Parameters
----------
dt : float
The change in time since the last call.
"""
self.model.process_queue()
sector = sectorize(self.position)
if sector != self.sector:
self.model.change_sectors(self.sector, sector)
if self.sector is None:
self.model.process_entire_queue()
self.sector = sector
m = 8
dt = min(dt, 0.2)
for _ in xrange(m):
self._update(dt / m)
def _update(self, dt):
""" Private implementation of the `update()` method. This is where most
of the motion logic lives, along with gravity and collision detection.
Parameters
----------
dt : float
The change in time since the last call.
"""
# walking
if self.flying:
speed = FLYING_SPEED
elif self.sprinting:
speed = SPRINT_SPEED
elif self.crouch:
speed = CROUCH_SPEED
else:
speed = WALKING_SPEED
if self.jumping:
if self.collision_types["top"]:
self.dy = JUMP_SPEED
self.jumped = True
else:
if self.collision_types["top"]:
self.jumped = False
if self.jumped:
speed += 0.7
d = dt * speed # distance covered this tick.
dx, dy, dz = self.get_motion_vector()
# New position in space, before accounting for gravity.
dx, dy, dz = dx * d, dy * d, dz * d
# gravity
if not self.flying:
# Update your vertical speed: if you are falling, speed up until you
# hit terminal velocity; if you are jumping, slow down until you
# start falling.
self.dy -= dt * GRAVITY
self.dy = max(self.dy, -TERMINAL_VELOCITY)
dy += self.dy * dt
# collisions
old_pos = self.position
x, y, z = old_pos
x, y, z = self.collide((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz), PLAYER_HEIGHT)
self.position = (x, y, z)
# Sptinting stuff. If the player stops moving in the x and z direction, the player stops sprinting
# and the sprint fov is subtracted from the fov offset
if old_pos[0]-self.position[0] == 0 and old_pos[2]-self.position[2] == 0:
disablefov = False
if self.sprinting:
disablefov = True
self.sprinting = False
if disablefov:
self.fov_offset -= SPRINT_FOV
def collide(self, position, height):
""" Checks to see if the player at the given `position` and `height`
is colliding with any blocks in the world.
Parameters
----------
position : tuple of len 3
The (x, y, z) position to check for collisions at.
height : int or float
The height of the player.
Returns
-------
position : tuple of len 3
The new position of the player taking into account collisions.
"""
# How much overlap with a dimension of a surrounding block you need to
# have to count as a collision. If 0, touching terrain at all counts as
# a collision. If .49, you sink into the ground, as if walking through
# tall grass. If >= .5, you'll fall through the ground.
pad = 0.25
p = list(position)
np = normalize(position)
self.collision_types = {"top":False,"bottom":False,"right":False,"left":False}
for face in FACES: # check all surrounding blocks
for i in xrange(3): # check each dimension independently
if not face[i]:
continue
# How much overlap you have with this dimension.
d = (p[i] - np[i]) * face[i]
if d < pad:
continue
for dy in xrange(height): # check each height
op = list(np)
op[1] -= dy
op[i] += face[i]
if tuple(op) not in self.model.world:
continue
p[i] -= (d - pad) * face[i]
# If you are colliding with the ground or ceiling, stop
# falling / rising.
if face == (0, -1, 0):
self.collision_types["top"] = True
self.dy = 0
if face == (0, 1, 0):
self.collision_types["bottom"] = True
self.dy = 0
break
return tuple(p)
def on_mouse_press(self, x, y, button, modifiers):
""" Called when a mouse button is pressed. See pyglet docs for button
amd modifier mappings.
Parameters
----------
x, y : int
The coordinates of the mouse click. Always center of the screen if
the mouse is captured.
button : int
Number representing mouse button that was clicked. 1 = left button,
4 = right button.
modifiers : int
Number representing any modifying keys that were pressed when the
mouse button was clicked.
"""
if self.exclusive:
vector = self.get_sight_vector()
block, previous = self.model.hit_test(self.position, vector)
if (button == mouse.RIGHT) or \
((button == mouse.LEFT) and (modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL)):
# ON OSX, control + left click = right click.
if previous:
self.model.add_block(previous, self.block)
elif button == pyglet.window.mouse.LEFT and block:
texture = self.model.world[block]
if texture != STONE:
self.model.remove_block(block)
else:
self.set_exclusive_mouse(True)
def on_mouse_motion(self, x, y, dx, dy):
""" Called when the player moves the mouse.
Parameters
----------
x, y : int
The coordinates of the mouse click. Always center of the screen if
the mouse is captured.
dx, dy : float
The movement of the mouse.
"""
if self.exclusive:
m = 0.15
x, y = self.rotation
x, y = x + dx * m, y + dy * m
y = max(-90, min(90, y))
self.rotation = (x, y)
def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
""" Called when the player presses a key. See pyglet docs for key
mappings.
Parameters
----------
symbol : int
Number representing the key that was pressed.
modifiers : int
Number representing any modifying keys that were pressed.
"""
if symbol == key.W:
self.strafe[0] -= 1
elif symbol == key.S:
self.strafe[0] += 1
elif symbol == key.A:
self.strafe[1] -= 1
elif symbol == key.D:
self.strafe[1] += 1
elif symbol == key.C:
self.fov_offset -= 60.0
elif symbol == key.SPACE:
self.jumping = True
elif symbol == key.ESCAPE:
self.set_exclusive_mouse(False)
elif symbol == key.LSHIFT:
self.crouch = True
if self.sprinting:
self.fov_offset -= SPRINT_FOV
self.sprinting = False
elif symbol == key.R:
if not self.crouch:
if not self.sprinting:
self.fov_offset += SPRINT_FOV
self.sprinting = True
elif symbol == key.TAB:
self.flying = not self.flying
elif symbol in self.num_keys:
index = (symbol - self.num_keys[0]) % len(self.inventory)
self.block = self.inventory[index]
def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):
""" Called when the player releases a key. See pyglet docs for key
mappings.
Parameters
----------
symbol : int
Number representing the key that was pressed.
modifiers : int
Number representing any modifying keys that were pressed.
"""
if symbol == key.W:
self.strafe[0] += 1
elif symbol == key.S:
self.strafe[0] -= 1
elif symbol == key.A:
self.strafe[1] += 1
elif symbol == key.D:
self.strafe[1] -= 1
elif symbol == key.SPACE:
self.jumping = False
elif symbol == key.LSHIFT:
self.crouch = False
elif symbol == key.C:
self.fov_offset += 60.0
def on_resize(self, width, height):
""" Called when the window is resized to a new `width` and `height`.
"""
# label
self.label.y = height - 10
# reticle
if self.reticle:
self.reticle.delete()
x, y = self.width // 2, self.height // 2
n = 10
self.reticle = pyglet.graphics.vertex_list(4,
('v2i', (x - n, y, x + n, y, x, y - n, x, y + n))
)
def set_2d(self):
""" Configure OpenGL to draw in 2d.
"""
width, height = self.get_size()
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
viewport = self.get_viewport_size()
glViewport(0, 0, max(1, viewport[0]), max(1, viewport[1]))
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
glOrtho(0, max(1, width), 0, max(1, height), -1, 1)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
def set_3d(self):
""" Configure OpenGL to draw in 3d.
"""
width, height = self.get_size()
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
viewport = self.get_viewport_size()
glViewport(0, 0, max(1, viewport[0]), max(1, viewport[1]))
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(PLAYER_FOV + self.fov_offset, width / float(height), 0.1, 60.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
x, y = self.rotation
glRotatef(x, 0, 1, 0)
glRotatef(-y, math.cos(math.radians(x)), 0, math.sin(math.radians(x)))
x, y, z = self.position
if self.crouch:
glTranslatef(-x, -y+0.2, -z)
else:
glTranslatef(-x, -y, -z)
def on_draw(self):
""" Called by pyglet to draw the canvas.
"""
self.clear()
self.set_3d()
glColor3d(1, 1, 1)
self.model.batch.draw()
self.draw_focused_block()
self.set_2d()
self.draw_label()
self.draw_reticle()
def draw_focused_block(self):
""" Draw black edges around the block that is currently under the
crosshairs.
"""
vector = self.get_sight_vector()
block = self.model.hit_test(self.position, vector)[0]
if block:
x, y, z = block
vertex_data = cube_vertices(x, y, z, 0.51)
glColor3d(0, 0, 0)
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
pyglet.graphics.draw(24, GL_QUADS, ('v3f/static', vertex_data))
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL)
def draw_label(self):
""" Draw the label in the top left of the screen.
"""
x, y, z = self.position
self.label.text = '%02d (%.2f, %.2f, %.2f) %d / %d' % (
pyglet.clock.get_fps(), x, y, z,
len(self.model._shown), len(self.model.world))
self.label.draw()
def draw_reticle(self):
""" Draw the crosshairs in the center of the screen.
"""
glColor3d(0, 0, 0)
self.reticle.draw(GL_LINES)
def setup_fog():
""" Configure the OpenGL fog properties.
"""
# Enable fog. Fog "blends a fog color with each rasterized pixel fragment's
# post-texturing color."
glEnable(GL_FOG)
# Set the fog color.
glFogfv(GL_FOG_COLOR, (GLfloat * 4)(0.5, 0.69, 1.0, 1))
# Say we have no preference between rendering speed and quality.
glHint(GL_FOG_HINT, GL_DONT_CARE)
# Specify the equation used to compute the blending factor.
glFogi(GL_FOG_MODE, GL_LINEAR)
# How close and far away fog starts and ends. The closer the start and end,
# the denser the fog in the fog range.
glFogf(GL_FOG_START, 40.0)
glFogf(GL_FOG_END, 60.0)
def setup():
""" Basic OpenGL configuration.
"""
# Set the color of "clear", i.e. the sky, in rgba.
glClearColor(0.5, 0.69, 1.0, 1)
# Enable culling (not rendering) of back-facing facets -- facets that aren't
# visible to you.
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
# Set the texture minification/magnification function to GL_NEAREST (nearest
# in Manhattan distance) to the specified texture coordinates. GL_NEAREST
# "is generally faster than GL_LINEAR, but it can produce textured images
# with sharper edges because the transition between texture elements is not
# as smooth."
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
setup_fog()
def main():
window = Window(width=1280, height=720, caption='Minecraft', resizable=True)
# Hide the mouse cursor and prevent the mouse from leaving the window.
window.set_exclusive_mouse(True)
setup()
pyglet.app.run()
main()
First create a python file with the name main.py and paste the above python minecraft code. This is the main python minecraft code. There is another python file you need to create.
import random as rand
import math
class NoiseParameters:
def __init__(self, octaves, amplitude, smoothness, roughness, heightOffset):
self.octaves = octaves
self.amplitude = amplitude
self.smoothness = smoothness
self.roughness = roughness
self.heightOffset = heightOffset
class NoiseGen:
def __init__(self, seed):
self.seed = seed
self.noiseParams = NoiseParameters(
7, 50, 450, 0.3, 20
)
def _getNoise2(self, n):
n += self.seed
n = (int(n) << 13) ^ int(n)
newn = (n * (n * n * 60493 + 19990303) + 1376312589) & 0x7fffffff
return 1.0 - (float(newn) / 1073741824.0)
def _getNoise(self, x, z):
return self._getNoise2(x + z * 57)
def _lerp(self, a, b, z):
mu2 = (1.0 - math.cos(z * 3.14)) / 2.0
return (a * (1 - mu2) + b * mu2)
def _noise(self, x, z):
floorX = float(int(x))
floorZ = float(int(z))
s = 0.0,
t = 0.0,
u = 0.0,
v = 0.0;#Integer declaration
s = self._getNoise(floorX, floorZ)
t = self._getNoise(floorX + 1, floorZ)
u = self._getNoise(floorX, floorZ + 1)
v = self._getNoise(floorX + 1, floorZ + 1)
rec1 = self._lerp(s, t, x - floorX)
rec2 = self._lerp(u, v, x - floorX)
rec3 = self._lerp(rec1, rec2, z - floorZ)
return rec3
def getHeight(self, x, z):
totalValue = 0.0
for a in range(self.noiseParams.octaves - 1):
freq = math.pow(2.0, a)
amp = math.pow(self.noiseParams.roughness, a)
totalValue += self._noise(
(float(x)) * freq / self.noiseParams.smoothness,
(float(z)) * freq / self.noiseParams.smoothness
) * self.noiseParams.amplitude
result = (((totalValue / 2.1) + 1.2) * self.noiseParams.amplitude) + self.noiseParams.heightOffset
return (totalValue / 5) + self.noiseParams.heightOffset
Create another python file naming noise_gen.py or noise_generator.py and paste the above python code it is responsible for noise.
4. Download Texture images
A game has textures and images so our last file for our minecraft game is texture image file you can download it from below.
Download the above image it is a single png image and copy and paste it in the main project directory and it is responsible for all the textures shown in the game.
Above is the file structure you should have after creating all the files and pasting the images. Now we are ready to run the game.
So to run the game you need to open up the terminal or command prompt and paste the below command
python main.py
This will start the game in a new tab. It will be recommended to use the mouse to play the game. You can play it like a minecraft game. Below is the image output of how the game looks.
After you run it you can see it just looks like the real minecraft game you can create and edit blocks.
Here are the game controls of this game
- "W" to move forward
- "S" to move backward
- "A" to move left side
- "D" to move right side
- "Left click mouse" to remove a block
- "Right click mouse" to create a block
- "Space" to jump
- "Esc" to pause the game
Above are some of the game controls so I hope you ran the game successfully and did not get any errors.
Summary
This was the complete tutorial on making a minecraft game in python with source code. I hope you ran the game successfully.
This game does not have the features of the original game. You can add more features and functionalities to this game. Note that this game is just a clone and not trying to sell the game source code.
Here are more python guides you may find helpful:
- Create bouncing ball game in python.
- Making a battleship game in python.
- Making pacman game using python.
I hope you found what you were looking for from this tutorial If you want more python guides like this do join our Telegram channel to receive updates and resources.
Thanks for reading, have a nice day 🙂